berlin@art-for-science.com

"Independent" is an item included in the Bem Sex Role Inventory to measure "masculinity". The German version of this instrument only includes "dependent" to measure "femininity".

"Independent" is stereotypically associated more with men than with women, and considered to be a "masculine" trait.

"Dependent" is stereotypically associated more with women than with men, and considered to be a "feminine" trait.

Independent thought and action is socially appreciated more in men than in women.

In the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, 1776, the American Congress declared the North American colonies to be free and independent of Great Britain.

Independence is a condition or quality of an individual or a nation inferred from the relationships it has to others.

Independence is a quality of studies or observations conducted in a way that was unaffected by others.

Independence means exemption from external control, freedom from subjection, from the influence of others, and of thought or action.

Independence is rarely used in a bad sense as in want of subjection to rightful authority, insubordination (Oxford English Dictionary, 2004).

Independence means not depending on another (for its value).

An independent variable is a quantity whose variation does not depend on that of another.